Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects

Poppy seed production is susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress weed infestation, which introduces the risk of total crop failure. For purpose minimization, poppy was grown in additive intercropping systems with early late sown white clover spring barley at three different densities a year field trial assess their roles cropping while adding ecological benefits rotation. yielded between 798.7 1293.1 kg ha?1, no significant yield effects clover, compared sole-cropping. Dry matter, height, leaf area index C/N ratio plants were not significantly impacted by intercrop either, independent on its sowing date. Higher yields (695.6–918.8 ha?1) LERs (1.11–1.84) poppy–barley achieved 2018 2020 2019 (?361.5 LER ? 0.99), mainly due differences seeding dates, precipitation nutrient availability. Therefore, previous limits competition when intercropped can be same time. The effect performance small as influence cover, number biomass. regulating needs further examined, however, we conclude that promising strategy for cultivation, terms minimizing losses precisely managed.